Vinyl records have made a comeback in recent years, and with that comes the need for a proper turntable setup. But for those just starting out, it can be confusing to know exactly what equipment is necessary.
One of the most common questions asked is whether or not a turntable needs an amplifier. The short answer is yes, but there are some exceptions to this rule.
In this article, we’ll explore the ins and outs of turntable amplification and help you determine what setup is right for you.
So sit back, relax, and let’s dive into the world of turntables and amplifiers.
Does A Turntable Need An Amplifier
The answer to this question is a bit more complicated than a simple yes or no. In general, a turntable does need an amplifier to play vinyl records. The output signal from a turntable is not strong enough to drive speakers on its own.
However, there are some exceptions to this rule. If you have a turntable with a built-in preamp and speakers with a built-in amplifier, then you can connect the two without the need for a standalone amplifier.
But for most setups, an amplifier is necessary to boost the signal from the turntable to a line level signal that can be played through speakers.
Understanding Turntable Signal Output
To understand why a turntable needs an amplifier, it’s important to understand the signal output of a turntable. A turntable produces a PHONO output signal, which is much weaker than the standard signal level produced by most other consumer Hi-Fi electronics. A nominal output level from a phono cartridge is 1 mV (0.001 V), while the Aux input on your stereo system requires a signal level of 100 mV (0.1V). This means that the phono signal needs to be converted to a LINE LEVEL signal (sometimes referred to as AUX signal) to work with audio equipment including stereo systems, computers, and speakers.
A phono preamp is used to convert the PHONO signal to a LINE LEVEL signal. The primary function of a phono preamp is to amplify the weak PHONO signal to a higher level, so that it can be received by an audio system in the same way as any other type of audio source, like a CD player. To meet the required level, a typical phono preamp will boost your signal by 40 – 50 dB.
In addition to boosting the signal, a phono preamp also applies the RIAA equalization curve to the signal. Records are cut with the bass frequencies reduced and the high frequencies boosted. This equalization helps to permit longer recording times by keeping groove dimensions small, while also increasing sound quality and decreasing record wear. A phono preamp acts to equalize the signal in an attempt to bring it back — as close as possible — to the frequency response of the master recording. The entire process is referred to as the RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) equalization curve, which became the general industry standard during the 1950s.
Once the PHONO signal has been converted to a LINE LEVEL signal by the phono preamp, an amplifier is then needed to connect to the preamplifier in order to boost the signal even further to a line level signal that can be played through speakers. You could utilize an A/V receiver, separate amplifier, or powered speakers that have a built-in amplifier (different than pre-amp). When choosing an amplifier, you have many considerations to take into account as they range drastically in price and features. Some A/V Receivers also have a built-in pre-amp allowing you to plug your turntable directly into it without needing a separate pre-amp.
The Role Of An Amplifier In A Turntable Setup
An amplifier plays a crucial role in a turntable setup. Once the phono preamp has converted the phono signal to a line level signal, the amplifier comes into play to boost the signal to a level that drives a pair of passive speakers. But an amplifier does more than just boost the signal. It also serves as the hub for other sources such as cassettes, CDs, and streaming services like Spotify. Most amplifiers have multiple inputs so you can connect all your sources at home.
Amplifiers also add discernible sound-enhancing characteristics such as increased dynamic range, bass definition, and overall sonic warmth. There are two types of amplifiers: integrated (or “standalone”) and pre/power (or “separates”). Integrated models are usually smaller and more convenient, incorporating the circuitry required for the preamp and speaker-driving power into one unit. While more and more integrated models today come with an in-built phono preamp due to the resurgence of vinyl, it’s important to do your homework first. If the integrated amp doesn’t have a phono stage, then you’ll need to buy a separate phono preamp.
Pre/power amps refer to two separate units, like the aforementioned separate phono preamps. Many vinyl enthusiasts prefer separates as you can then upgrade individual components. Either way, purchasing a solid amplifier is arguably a more crucial component than the turntable itself – it can serve you well for decades while other components tend to get replaced.
Types Of Amplifiers For Turntables
When it comes to choosing an amplifier for your turntable setup, there are several options to consider. The first type of amplifier to consider is the A/V receiver. A/V receivers are a popular choice because they often come with built-in phono preamps, allowing you to connect your turntable directly to the receiver without needing a separate preamp. A/V receivers also typically have multiple inputs and outputs, making them a versatile choice for those who want to connect multiple audio sources.
Another option to consider is a separate amplifier. These amplifiers are designed specifically for audio playback and often offer higher quality sound than A/V receivers. They also allow you to customize your setup by choosing an amplifier that best fits your specific needs.
Powered speakers with built-in amplifiers are also an option for those who want a simple, streamlined setup. These speakers are designed to be connected directly to a turntable or preamp without needing a separate amplifier. However, they may not offer the same level of customization as separate amplifiers or A/V receivers.
When choosing an amplifier, there are several factors to consider, including price, features, and sound quality. It’s important to choose an amplifier that fits your specific needs and budget. While some high-end amplifiers can cost thousands of dollars, there are also many affordable options available that can still provide excellent sound quality.
In addition to considering the type of amplifier, it’s also important to look for specific features that can enhance your listening experience. For example, some amplifiers come with built-in Bluetooth connectivity, allowing you to stream music from your phone or computer wirelessly. Others may offer tone control options, allowing you to adjust the bass and treble levels to your liking.
Matching The Amplifier To Your Turntable And Speakers
When it comes to choosing an amplifier for your turntable and speakers, there are a few things to keep in mind.
Firstly, you need to consider the type of amplifier you want to use. You could opt for an A/V receiver, a separate amplifier, or powered speakers with a built-in amplifier. Each option has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it’s important to do your research and choose the one that best suits your needs and budget.
If you do choose to go with a separate amplifier, you’ll need to make sure that it’s compatible with your turntable and speakers. One important factor to consider is impedance, which is the measurement of the electric resistance of your audio components.
When matching your speaker impedance with your amp impedance, the most important rule to remember is that the speaker ohm rating can’t be higher than the minimal amplifier impedance. For example, if your speakers have an impedance of 6 ohms, they shouldn’t be matched with a stereo amp that has an impedance ranging from 8-16 ohms. However, a speaker with an impedance of 6 ohms is perfectly compatible with an amp that has a range of 4-10 ohms, or 6 -16 ohms, and so on.
Once you’ve chosen an amplifier that’s compatible with your turntable and speakers, you’ll need to connect them all together. If you have a turntable with a built-in preamp, you can connect it directly to the amplifier’s line level inputs. If not, you’ll need to connect the turntable to a standalone preamp first, and then connect the preamp to the amplifier.
Alternatives To Traditional Amplifiers
While traditional amplifiers are a popular choice for powering turntables, there are alternative options available. One such option is powered speakers. These speakers have an amplifier already installed in them, which eliminates the need for a separate amplifier. They are also convenient and can save money for most people. Depending on the speaker’s input options, you can hook them up to different audio sources without the need for a separate amplifier.
Another alternative is an all-in-one machine that includes a built-in preamp and amplifier, such as an A/V receiver. This type of machine allows you to plug your turntable directly into it without needing a separate preamp. It also has the added benefit of being able to handle other audio sources, such as CD players or even cassette tape players.
Wireless Bluetooth is also a great feature to include in an amplifier for vinyl. This allows you to stream music from a mobile phone or PC. Even vinyl enthusiasts get tired of spinning vinyl sometimes, so having the option to switch to digital music is a nice feature to have.
Digital inputs and a quality DAC (Digital-to-Analog Converter) are also nice to have so that you can connect digital sources through a cable for high-quality digital sound. An alternative is to buy a separate DAC that handles all the digital stuff.
Tone control is another feature that some people prefer to have in their amplifier. It allows you to adjust the bass and treble levels to your liking. A source direct or pure direct option is something else to look for too. It lets you bypass tone controls and shuts down digital circuitry for the purest listening experience.
Conclusion: The Importance Of Amplification In Turntable Performance
In conclusion, amplification is a crucial component in turntable performance. Without an amplifier, the signal from a turntable would be too weak to drive speakers and produce sound. Amplifiers work by taking the low-level output of the turntable and amplifying it to a level that can be more easily handled by other components. This allows the listener to hear the music being played at a volume they can actually hear.
Preamps and amplifiers work together to process signals from the vinyl record, amplify them appropriately, and then send them out to speakers for playing the music correctly. Preamps are responsible for amplifying the signal from the turntable to a higher level and applying the RIAA equalization curve to the signal. Amplifiers, on the other hand, take the amplified signal from the preamp and turn it into a strong enough signal for powering speakers.
When choosing an amplifier, there are many considerations to take into account as they range drastically in price and features. Some A/V Receivers also have a built-in pre-amp allowing you to plug your turntable directly into it without needing a separate pre-amp. Ultimately, investing in a dedicated phono preamp can significantly improve the sound quality of your record player, but whether or not you need one depends on several factors, including your budget and the type of setup you are working with.
