Vinyl records have made a comeback in recent years, and with that comes the need for a phono preamp.
But what exactly is a phono preamp and how do you use it?
In this article, we’ll break down the basics of phono preamps and give you step-by-step instructions on how to set one up.
Whether you’re a seasoned vinyl enthusiast or just starting out, understanding how to use a phono preamp is essential for getting the most out of your turntable.
So let’s dive in and learn how to take your vinyl listening experience to the next level.
How To Use A Phono Preamp
Step 1: Connect Your Turntable to the Phono Preamp
The first step in using a phono preamp is to connect your turntable to it. To do this, you’ll need a set of RCA cables.
Plug one end of the RCA cables into the “In” or “Input” RCA jacks on the back of the phono preamp. Then, plug the other end of the RCA cables into the corresponding jacks on your turntable.
Make sure that you have connected the left and right channels correctly. The left channel should be connected to the left input on both the turntable and the phono preamp, and the same goes for the right channel.
What Is A Phono Preamp?
A phono preamp, also known as a phono stage, is an essential component in any vinyl playback system. Its primary function is to amplify the signal from your turntable to a level that can be played properly through your sound system. This is necessary because turntables cartridges output a very small signal that needs to be amplified up to several hundred times the size before it is loud enough for your amplifier.
Furthermore, a phono preamp applies an equalization curve to inverse the standard frequency adjustment made during the record cutting process. This ensures that the sound quality of your vinyl records is restored to its original state and that you get the best possible listening experience.
Phono preamps can be built into an audio or A/V receiver, but they are also available as external devices for units without phono inputs, as well as for audiophiles who want the highest-quality restoration. External phono preamps are also used for turntable-to-computer applications.
It’s important to note that not all amplifiers have built-in phono preamps, so if you want to play a turntable, you will need a separate phono preamp. Moreover, some amplifiers may have built-in phono preamps, but these in-built phono pre-amplifiers are usually outperformed by external phono stages.
Why Do You Need A Phono Preamp?
A phono preamp, also known as a phono stage, is an essential component in any vinyl setup. Without it, the sound produced by your turntable would be very reedy, thin, and extremely quiet. This is because the signal generated by the stylus is very weak and requires amplification before it can be played properly through your sound system.
In addition to amplifying the signal, a phono preamp also applies an equalization curve to inverse the standard frequency adjustment made during the record cutting process. This ensures that sonic imbalances left over as a manufacturing necessity are corrected, resulting in a more accurate and balanced sound.
While some turntables come with a built-in phono preamp, others require a separate preamp stage or an amplifier that includes its own. If your stereo has a phono input, then you’re already set. However, if you want the best sound quality possible, an external phono preamp is recommended as it has the best shielding from interference and its own power supply, so it doesn’t have to share with an electrically noisy power transformer on a hifi amplifier.
Types Of Phono Preamps
When it comes to phono preamps, there are two main types: those designed for moving magnetic (MM) cartridges and those designed for moving coil (MC) cartridges.
MM phono preamps are more common and affordable compared to MC phono preamps. They work by amplifying the signal generated by the magnet in the cartridge as it moves through the grooves of the record. MM cartridges generally have a higher output voltage than MC cartridges, which means that they require less amplification to reach line level.
On the other hand, MC phono preamps are designed to work with low-output MC cartridges, which generate a weaker signal than MM cartridges. They require a higher level of amplification to reach line level, which is why MC phono preamps tend to be more expensive than MM phono preamps.
Some phono preamps are designed to work with both MM and MC cartridges, allowing you to switch between the two with a simple switch or button. These types of phono preamps are often more expensive than single-mode preamps.
Ultimately, the type of phono preamp you choose will depend on the type of cartridge you have and your budget. If you’re just starting out with vinyl and have a standard MM cartridge, a basic MM phono preamp should suffice. However, if you have an MC cartridge or are looking for higher-quality sound, investing in an MC phono preamp or a dual-mode phono preamp may be worth it.
Setting Up Your Phono Preamp
Step 2: Connect the Phono Preamp to Your Amplifier or Receiver
Once you’ve connected your turntable to the phono preamp, the next step is to connect the phono preamp to your amplifier or receiver. This will allow you to hear the sound from your turntable through your speakers.
To do this, you’ll need another set of RCA cables. Plug one end of the RCA cables into the “Out” or “Output” RCA jacks on the back of the phono preamp. Then, plug the other end of the RCA cables into an available input on your amplifier or receiver.
Make sure that you have connected the left and right channels correctly. The left channel should be connected to the left input on both the phono preamp and the amplifier or receiver, and the same goes for the right channel.
If your amplifier or receiver has a labeled “Phono” input, then you can plug the RCA cables from the phono preamp directly into this input. However, if your amplifier or receiver does not have a labeled “Phono” input, then you’ll need to plug the RCA cables into a different input, such as “CD” or “AUX”.
Step 3: Ground Your Turntable
If your turntable has a grounding wire, then you’ll need to connect it to your phono preamp. This will help prevent any unwanted noise or hum from being heard through your speakers.
To ground your turntable, locate the grounding post on your phono preamp. This is usually a metal post labeled “GND”. Connect one end of a grounding wire to this post, and then connect the other end of the wire to the grounding post on your turntable.
Step 4: Adjust Your Phono Preamp Settings
Most phono preamps will have some settings that you can adjust, such as gain and impedance. These settings can help you get the best sound possible from your turntable.
Gain controls how much amplification is applied to the signal from your turntable. If your sound is too quiet, then you can increase the gain. If it’s too loud or distorted, then you can decrease it.
Impedance controls how much resistance is applied to the signal from your turntable. Different cartridges will require different impedance settings for optimal sound quality. Consult your turntable’s user manual or manufacturer’s website for recommended impedance settings.
Step 5: Enjoy Your Vinyl Collection
Once you’ve connected and adjusted your phono preamp, it’s time to sit back and enjoy your vinyl collection! Remember to handle your records with care and keep them clean to ensure that they last for years to come.
Troubleshooting Tips For Phono Preamps
Despite the simplicity of connecting a phono preamp to a turntable, problems can still arise. Here are some troubleshooting tips to help you get the most out of your phono preamp:
1. Check Your Cables: One of the most common issues with phono preamps is poor cable quality. Make sure that you are using short, well-shielded cables from your turntable to the phono preamp. If you’re experiencing hum or noise, try swapping out your cables as a first troubleshooting step.
2. Ground Your Turntable: Another common issue is improper grounding. Make sure that the ground cable is always connected to both your turntable and your phono preamp. Otherwise, you may experience significant whirring or other noise.
3. Check Your Gain Setting: The gain setting on your phono preamp can have a significant impact on the sound quality. The stock gain setting is usually the best place to start, but you may need to adjust it depending on your cartridge and other components in your audio chain.
4. Avoid Magnetic Fields: Magnetic fields can cause hum and noise in your audio system. Avoid stacking your phono preamp on top of other electronics that may emit a magnetic field, and keep your turntable away from other electronics as well.
5. Double-Check Your Connections: Finally, make sure that all of your connections are correct and secure. Check that all component leads are soldered and that there are no bad solder joints or shortcuts between them. Cut all leads underneath the boards so that they are flush with the solder joint, and check that no leads on either side of the boards are touching each other.
By following these troubleshooting tips, you can get the most out of your phono preamp and enjoy high-quality vinyl playback with minimal issues.
Enhancing Your Vinyl Listening Experience With A Phono Preamp
If you’re a vinyl enthusiast looking to take your listening experience to the next level, investing in a high-quality phono preamp is a must. A good phono preamp can make a substantial difference in the sound quality of your vinyl records.
One of the main benefits of a phono preamp is that it offers adjustable settings that help you get the most out of your cartridge. A more sophisticated phono preamp can optimize the signal and minimize noise, allowing all the benefits of a good record player to pass through your audio system.
Some audiophiles prefer the warm, inviting sound of a preamp that uses old-school vacuum tube technology. These types of preamps can provide a unique sonic character that some listeners find appealing. Additionally, some preamps offer a built-in subsonic filter that eliminates distracting low-frequency “rumble.”
It’s important to note that not all phono preamps are created equal. Entry-level preamps tend to handle moving magnet cartridges only, while mid-range and high-end models usually accommodate moving coil cartridges in addition to MM. It’s widely agreed that an MC cartridge is capable of better sound, though the main X factor is how you prefer your vinyl records to sound in your stereo system.
When selecting a phono preamp, it’s also important to consider the quality of the power supply, RCA jacks (sometimes XLR), and even the chassis. These components can all contribute to reducing noise and improving sound quality.
In short, investing in a high-quality phono preamp can make a significant difference in your vinyl listening experience. By optimizing the signal and minimizing noise, you can unlock the full potential of your turntable and cartridge combination.
